The Paris Climate Agreement is a landmark global agreement signed in December 2015 by 197 countries. Its objective is to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C. Additionally, the agreement aims to strengthen the ability of countries to deal with the impacts of climate change.

Although the majority of countries have signed and ratified the Paris Climate Agreement, there are a few notable exceptions. Here are some of the countries that didn`t sign the Paris Climate Agreement:

1. United States

The United States, under the presidency of Donald Trump, announced its intention to withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement in June 2017. The withdrawal process was completed on November 4, 2020, making the US the only country in the world to formally withdraw from the agreement.

2. Iran

Iran has not ratified the Paris Climate Agreement, although it signed it in April 2016. This is likely due to the country`s tense relationship with the United States, which could have influenced the decision.

3. Turkey

Turkey signed the Paris Climate Agreement in April 2016 but has not yet ratified it. This is likely due to the country`s concerns about how the agreement will impact its economy, which is heavily reliant on fossil fuels.

4. Eritrea, Iraq, Libya, South Sudan, and Yemen

These five countries are the only countries in the world that have not signed the Paris Climate Agreement. The reasons for their non-participation are not clear, but it could be due to their limited capacity to deal with climate change or other political and economic factors.

In conclusion, the Paris Climate Agreement is a vital step towards tackling climate change, and the majority of the world`s countries have signed and ratified it. However, the non-participation of some countries such as the United States, Iran, and Turkey, among others, is a significant setback to the global effort to combat climate change. It is therefore important for the international community to continue engaging these countries in climate negotiations and encourage them to join the Paris Climate Agreement.